Progress in the medical diagnostic is relentlessly pushing the measurement technology as well with its intertwined mathematical models and solutions. Mathematics has applications to many problems that are vital to human health but not for all. In this article we describe how the mathematics of acoustocerebrography has become one of the most important applications of mathematics to the problems of brain monitoring as well we will show some algebraic problems which still have to be solved. Acoustocerebrography is a set of (...) techniques of visualizing the state of brain tissue and its changes with use of ultrasounds, which mainly rely on a relation between the tissue density and speed of propagation for ultrasound waves in this medium. Propagation speed or, equivalently, times of arriving for an ultrasound pulse, can be inferred from phase relations for various frequencies. Since, due to Kramers-Kronig relations, the propagation speeds depend significantly on the frequency of investigated waves, we consider multispectral wave packages of the form W = ∑Hh=1 Ah · sin, n = 0,..., N – 1 with appropriately chosen frequencies fh, h = 1,...,H, amplifications Ah, h = 1,...,H, start phases ψh, h = 1,..., H and sampling frequency F. In this paper we show some problems of algebraic and, to some extend, algorithmic nature which raise up in this topic. Like, for instance, the influence of relations between the signal length and frequency values on the error on estimated phases or on neutralizing alien frequencies. Another problem is finding appropriate initial phases for avoiding improper distributions of peaks in the resulting signal or finding a stable algorithm of phase unwinding which is resistant to sudden random disruptions. (shrink)

Tematyka prepozytury szpitalnej w Zebrzydowicach jest ściśle związana z osobą Mikołaja Zebrzydowskiego, który w 1599 roku ufundował w rodowej siedzibie szpital dla 12 weteranów wojskowych, przede wszystkim dla tych, którzy należeli do bractwa żołnierskiego świętego Michała Archanioła założonego przez wojewodę w 1596 roku. W jego zamierzeniu przebywający tam chorzy mieli otrzymać odpowiednią opiekę zarówno dla ciała, jak i dla duszy, dlatego też zarząd przytułku oraz troskę o potrzeby pacjentów zostały powierzone miejscowemu proboszczowi, który był zarazem prepozytem tegoż szpitala. Z czasem (...) okazało się, iż takie rozwiązanie nie zadowalało fundatora i ostatecznie zdecydował on o przekazaniu tego dzieła braciom bonifratrom, których sprowadził do Zebrzydowic z Krakowa w 1611 roku. W niniejszym artykule został ukazany jeden z etapów procesu poszukiwania lepszego sposobu na zarządzanie równocześnie fundacją i parafią, który Zebrzydowski spróbował wcielić w życie już w 1601 roku. Niepublikowany dotąd dokument biskupa Bernarda Maciejowskiego z 3 sierpnia 1601 roku, oblatowany w aktach czynności biskupa krakowskiego (edycja wraz z tłumaczeniem w aneksie), wprowadzał rozwiązanie dążące do utrzymania prepozytury kosztem miejscowej parafii, zaś osobą łączącą obie jednostki administracyjne miał być od tej pory prepozyt, a nie proboszcz. Dokument ten stanowi zarazem ciekawy przykład współpracy biskupa ze szlachtą w sprawach kościelnych, co było niezwykle istotne w ówczesnym systemie zależności pomiędzy kolatorami miejscowego kościoła a biskupem ordynariuszem, odpowiedzialnym za całość życia kościelnego na terytorium zarządzanej przez siebie diecezji. (shrink)

Artykuł ukazuje w ujęciu problemowym stan badań nad postacią Mikołaja Zebrzydowskiego (1553–1620) oraz jego rodziny do roku 2022. Zwrócono uwagę na najważniejsze publikacje dotyczące jego biografii, fundacji oraz działalności politycznej. Zauważono, że dotychczasowa historiografia zajmowała się Zebrzydowskim głównie w kontekście rokoszu sandomierskiego, fundacji klasztoru, kalwarii oraz fundacji w rodowych Zebrzydowicach. Natomiast genealogią rodziny Zebrzydowskich, ich majątkiem oraz powiązaniami z innymi rodami zajmowano się sporadycznie. Nieco szerzej analizowano działalność Floriana Zebrzydowskiego, ojca Mikołaja, jednak głównie jako teoretyka wojskowości. Autorzy podkreślają szczególnie znaczenie (...) rocznicy 400-lecia śmierci wojewody krakowskiego, która przypadła na rok 2020. Przyczyniła się ona do intensyfikacji badań nad biografią Mikołaja Zebrzydowskiego i jego rodziną, co zaowocowało m.in. wydaniem dwóch monografii: szkicu biograficznego oraz pracy zbiorowej. W podsumowaniu artykułu nakreślono perspektywy badawcze dotyczące biografii wojewody krakowskiego i jego rodziny, zauważając m.in. konieczność rozszerzenia kwerend w archiwach krajowych i zagranicznych. (shrink)

Antibodies that are specific for DNA provide an excellent system for studying the protein‐nucleic acid interactions that allow proteins to recognize specific DNA structures or sequences.

Notwithstanding the opportunities it provides, the implementation of some measures of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (EU CAP), including agri-environment-climate measures (AECMs), also generates threats. The study identifies an extremely disturbing process that can be referred to as “internal neo-colonialism”, which has been driven by the technocratic agrarian policy of the EU and transformations in Poland at the turn of the twenty-first century. The associated disadvantageous practices mainly affect areas under threat of marginalisation and peripheralisation, including Poland with its post-Socialist (...) heritage, which has shaped the attitudes and behaviour of society and has consolidated linkages between politics and business. In order to retrace such activities, the study analyses EU funds granted in support of farmers implementing AECMs, with a focus on analysing the place of residence of the “farmer” and the location of the farm. As the research shows, the attractiveness of CAP support causes Polish agriculture and Poland’s countryside, including its natural and financial resources, to be drained by so-called “suitcase farmers”, i.e. people/entities not tied to the place where the agricultural activity is pursued, many of whom live in cities. One common practice is to take over land located in legally protected areas noted for their high quality of natural environment. Not only does the practice of land grabbing strengthen the social exclusion of rural communities and the peripheralisation and pauperisation of these areas, but it also hinders discussion about environmental justice and the ecological integrity of rural areas. (shrink)

The human world is in a state in statu nascendi. Man is emocionaly suspended between history, past, memory and the future. His activity is always the result of the four pillars supporting his existence. He draws his energy from the social imaginarium of which he is a part. The foundations dynamic social space are religion and politics as well as the past and memory.

This paper examines how the Polish communist intelligence service attempted to recruit professor Stefan Węgrzyn, who was a prominent specialist on automatic control and computer science in post-war Poland. Eventually, Węgrzyn’s refusal to cooperate with the Polish spy agency, together with his profound relationship with French scientist and servomechanism expert Jean Charles Gille, made them both targets of surveillance orchestrated by the communist security apparatus. In the broader context of human-intelligence studies, this case study involves the problem of moral ambiguity. (...) We experience informative examples of scientists, who often – not only during the Cold War – have had to choose between commitment to the rules of the academic world, along with its openness and transparency on the one hand, and patriotism including an ethos of secrecy for the sake of the homeland’s prosperity, on the other hand. (shrink)

In the present epoch of tensions between civilizations, challenges being brought by globalization processes and the necessity of the coexistence of various cultures and traditions, the subject of inter-religious dialogue seems to be particularly significant. Can religions remain isolated islands? Are their claims of being the only source of theological truth justified? Or should it rather be understood as an effect of interaction between different points of view and common effort of looking for the answers to the questions about God (...) and his relations to the world? What is the role of dialogue? Is it only a politically correct element or maybe something more essential - the basis of reasonable existence and development of religion? Should the direction traced by 20th century's partisans of ecumenical movements be widened in order to embrace also non Christian religions? What is the orthodoxy and where are its boundaries? The process philosophy creates a convenient and favorable atmosphere for this kind of considerations. The articles of this selection represent different points of view of the discussed topic. The book is addressed to all who deal with the inter-religious dialogue: both clergy and laymen as well as scholars and students interested in the subject. (shrink)

The immediate inspiration for this text is Tomasz Polak's book "System kościelny czyli przewagi pana K" (The Church System or the Advantages of Mr. K). The author analyses in detail how the "system" works, claiming that it has taken over the church from the very beginning of its existence, absorbing the original vitality of the community. The conclusion he reaches is that the "system" is unreformable. In this article I compare T. Polak's basic thought with what Tomasz Węcławski wrote years (...) ago about the church. I emphasize that this is the same person who changed his name due to life circumstances. I try to analyze how far the thinking, the way of argumentation, and finally the formulated conclusions have changed. The key word for these considerations is "phantasm." In this light, the question of God "with me, in me, and over me" dies in the face of the workings of the "church system." The phantasm prevails over man and his living relationship to God. "The Church System or the Advantages of Mr. K", is a very sad story about an individual, even though told in an expert and difficult language. Religion, faith, which someone makes the determinant and meaning of life, is something that from the beginning is doomed to drift towards an unshakeable phantasm, something that, in fact, will never come true, except in the most intimate and private dimension. (shrink)

The introduction first goes back on Jeremy Bentham’s historical scheme to highlight lesser-known traits and show how it was not limited to carceral applications, a versatility which has been reflected in literature. It then moves on to Foucault’s chapter on panopticism in _ Discipline and Punish, _ foregrounding its most influential aspects as well as others which are often overlooked. The third part focuses on the reception of Foucault’s panopticism in literary criticism, from the seminal studies of D.A. Miller and (...) John Bender to contemporary times. The fourth part deals with the influence of panopticism within the field of surveillance studies, as well as the input offered by literature for these discussions. The introduction then presents the structure of the issue and offers a summary of each of the five articles and of the final interview. (shrink)

Truth is a value in that sense that a belief is correct just in case it is true, which is frequently expressed in the metaphor that beliefs aim at truth. But,what does it mean to say that beliefs aim at truth?There are three most prominent approaches to this issue:purposive(orcausal),teleological(orintentional), andnormative. A comprehensive discussion of these approaches is the goal of our article. We also offer the hierarchy of languages and meta-languages, which gives a fragmentary account of the concept of God’s (...) omniscience. (shrink)

The article familiarizes us with Salomon Maimon, a self-taught philosopher of Jewish descent, and with his attitude to the scientific views of Immanuel Kant. Although Maimon depicted himself as a follower of Kant, the reality contradicts this picture. The conclusions drawn in the article are based on Maimon’s letters and his manuscript of A Dialogue between Kant and One of His Students discovered only recently. The abovementioned correspondence with Kant clearly shows Maimon’s position in relation to the views of the (...) philosopher from Königsberg. The letters, most of which remained unanswered, are written in a characteristic, somewhat audacious manner. Maimon begins them with glorifying Kant’s philosophy but then suggests numerous corrections concerning not only its insignificant details but also some principal issues which would radically change the whole system of Kant’s philosophy. Presumably that justifies the fact that Maimon received but one answer in the whole correspondence. Kant answered it at the instigation of his friend, Marcus Herz, with whom Maimon won favour. Later, however, Kant bore a grudge against Herzto such an extent that their own correspondence, previously frequent and very personal in character, almost ceased, becoming scarce and official. This, however, did not discourage Maimon, who in his Autobiography claimed that Kant had a high regard of him. The Jewish self-taught philosopher kept writing letters to Kant, and as he could not bear the lack of any answer, he decided to respond to the lettershimself. Kant’s would-be answers are contained in the abovementioned manuscript of A Dialogue between Kant and One of His Students, which for Maimon was a kind of compensation for Kant’s repudiation. Thetitle dialogue is between the Königsberg philosopher and a student N, whose views are identical with those of Maimon. It is hard to overlook the importunity of his attacks on Kant, whose answers are far more polite perhaps due to the fact he cannot equal him. In the dialogue, Kant contradicts himself, is lost in the arguments, and finally agrees with the statements of N despite the fact that they are quite distant from his own critical philosophy. N – that is Maimon – casts doubts concerning various aspects of Kant’s philosophy, e.g. the notion of space as a form of pure intuition, and Kant’s attempts to defend his position are quite helpless. Frequent statements such as “I do not know” or “highly probable” compound Maimon’s picture of Kant. It turns out, however, that in some of the theses contained in the dialogue Maimon was close the views of Fichte, which Kant refused as well. Perhaps, then, Maimon was a link between Kantian philosophy and the classical German idealism, a link much more important than it is generally acknowledged. (shrink)

Starting with the words that finish, or interrupt Master Wincenty’s Polish Chronicle, I interpret its historiographic content as characteristic of 12th century humanism, expression of love, of wisdom. The infallible condition of ethicalarete may be found to be formulated in the last words of the Chronicle concerning humanity which consists in tolerant indulgence of others’ vices and modesty about one’s virtues.

Is there a major international crime that the general public has never heard of or even thought about? The answer to this question might be surprising—it is the illicit art trade. The purpose of this article is to analyse the criminal aspect of the global art trade with a special focus on the region of South East Asia. In the first part of the paper, which acts as a backdrop for the rest of the article, the author explains the history (...) and general issues regarding the trade of cultural artefacts, briefly explaining the stages in the illicit antiquities trade, with a special focus on the question of international law regulations, of which he provides a critical overview. The second and third parts of the paper are devoted to a more profound analysis of the antiquities journey from illicit to licit. In the second part of the paper the author provides a case study of the first part of the voyage of Cambodian, Vietnamese and Indian antiquities, i.e. from the source country to the port of first shipment, examining the places and the middlemen they pass on their way. The third part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of legal provisions regulating the art trade in Hong Kong—a global art hub—notably the ‘market overt exception’, which allows buyers in good faith to keep the illicitly obtained cultural objects in spite of any claims made by the previous owners. In the fourth part of the paper the author shows why restitution of looted antiquities is so difficult, analysing a number of successful and unsuccessful attempts. The concluding part of the paper is devoted to the author’s critical overview of the various attempts and suggestions on the curtailing of the illicit international art trade. In the coda the author provides a case study of the journey undertaken by Cambodian antiquities. (shrink)

IntroductionJamais construit, jamais occupé, le Panoptique de Bentham demeure une architecture virtuelle qu’il est possible d’interpréter, de rêver ou de « cauchemarder » avec peut-être plus de liberté que si elle s’était incarnée dans la pierre. Si d’un côté, des recherches récentes ont permis de préciser l’évolution historique de ce projet dans la pensée de Bentham, dans d’autres domaines, le Panoptique est un paradigme utilisé pour lire la littérature anglo-saxonne de la fin du XVIIIe sièc..

Le propos est précédé par une illustration, la seule de l’ouvrage, extraite d’une Histoire de l’industrie du coton en Grande-Bretagne parue en 1835. Il s’agit de la reproduction d’un dessin représentant le processus d’impression de motifs sur du calicot. On y voit deux hommes travailler, de façon semble-t-il minutieuse, sur deux grandes machines installées dans un atelier spacieux. L’illustration est égayée par les motifs imprimés sur les pans de tissu, qui occupent une grande partie de l’esp..

This article offers an analysis of texts which were written in 1802-3 and published in 1812 under the title Panopticon versus New South Wales, namely Jeremy Bentham’s first two letters to Lord Pelham and A Plea for the Constitution, arguing that, in his attempt to show the superiority of his Panopticon plan over the transportation scheme, the reformer depicted New South Wales as a Gothic dystopia. ‘Gothic’ is here understood as a literary genre, an ideological term and a critical tool. (...) Bentham upset the conventional cartography of his time by showing that the ‘archaic’ or ‘barbarian’ practices that Gothic novels located in Catholic Europe were actually present in British penal policies. In addition to drawing on the rhetoric and the dichotomies which underlay the Gothic novels published during his lifetime, Bentham anticipated scenarios – such as reverse colonization and contamination – which would be explored in Victorian fiction. By extrapolating in dystopian fashion from trends which were present in the British body politic, Bentham’s Australian writings show how a historical period may be haunted by its future potentialities. (shrink)

Scientific psychology has been fouded on the deterministic view of human being. Implicitly or explicitly, human behaviour was assumed to be totally shaped by the environmental and/or biological forces with the little if any agentive role left to the person.Recently, personality and social psychology attempts at incorporating the idea of freedom and self-determination to the scientific study of human behaviour. Psychologists agree now that one cannot understand and predict what people do without referring to the idea of agency, freedom, or (...) personal control.To avoid apparent inconsistency of "free will" with the assumption of determinism (fundamental for scientific approach to reality), psychologists take subjectivistic solution: They ascribe freedom a status of a cognitive construct. Freedom is understood as a subjective representation of one's own ability to choose among behavioural alternatives. In this context, the Author reviews several current theoretical models of perceived (experienced) freedom in social psychology including approaches of Steiner, Mills, Kelley, Harvey, and Kruglanski.This kind of conceptual solution helps psychologists to preserve deterministic view of the world. However even if being illusion, freedom has — according to them - real existence as psychological entity. As it is demonstrated in numerous studies, feelings of freedom or corecion have profound impact on information processing, affective and motivational processes, and behaviour. (shrink)

In the present study, we explored the role of liking in the social induction of affect. Dispositional likeability was manipulated by written reports describing a sender as a likeable or dislikeable character. Afterwards participants watched short videos presenting the sender displaying happy or sad emotional expressions. We expected that exposure to the likeable sender would lead to reactions concordant with his emotional expression, whereas exposure to the dislikeable sender would result in discordant reactions. The results indicated that dispositional likeability influenced (...) the social induction of affect when the sender expressed positive emotions. Moreover, liking mediated the effects of the happy sender’s dispositional likeability on participants’ affective state. Exposure to the sad sender, however, led to assimilation regardless of the sender’s dispositional likeability. (shrink)

Few phenomena in world history have such a vivid imagery in popular culture as piracy. Law is a major element of those images, whether looking through its lens one considers pirates as lawless or, conversely, as free of the shackles of society. This article proposes to investigate the relationship between the two, choosing three eponymous images as the focus of its investigations. Beginning with the study of the ways in which images of piracy were created in popular culture, the author (...) then turns his attention to the question of the ways in which law has framed pirates throughout the ages. Thus, he looks into each of the three pre-selected images: of pirates as symbols of liberty (focusing on the question of pirate’s social organisation and pirate utopias), of pirates as outlaws (focusing on the question of how international law has treated pirates throughout history to the present day) and of pirates as treasure hunters (focusing on the question of legal rights to sunken treasures). In the final part of the article the author ponders the endurance of images of piracy, asking the question as to what this phenomenon reveals about law in particular and society in general. (shrink)

The purpose of the text is to engage in a well thought critique of the Enlightenment project carried out by Nicholas Maxwell and to reflect upon the proposal of its reconstruction. Maxwell’s intellectual position is not at all obvious: he is neither a radical rationalist, nor a defender of scientific rationality, nor a postmodern and social constructivist. Postmodernists and social constructivists opposed the very idea of reason and rational inquiry, and have been thoroughly critical of what knowledge-inquiry represents. Indeed, such (...) criticisms could not be further from Maxwell’s position. According to Maxwell, what is wrong with knowledge-inquiry is not its embodiment of reason but, to the contrary, its gross and damaging irrationality. From Maxwell’s point of view we suffer not that much from the excess of rationality, but its deficit. Maxwell does not share open criticism of anti-Enlightenment thinkers from Nietzsche to Foucault, but more so he escapes the beliefs of a scientifically focused group of philosophers who see the main force of emancipation of humanity in a narrowly understood science followed by physics, the methodology of verification, and naturalism as a basic ideology. The author of the text thus poses the question: what can save our culture if it is neither sciencenor the rejection of science? Does the replacement of the category of knowledgeinquiry with wisdom-inquiry—which Maxwell converts us to—bring us any closer to a solution in our consideration of knowledge and life, science and politics, facts and values, nature and society? In Western culture wisdom has always been an object of desire, and it was so, inter alia, because unlike knowledge it has never been precisely defined and further specified. Philosophers developed a warm feeling towards wisdom and sought for wisdom, but had they lived by wisdom? Finally, the author challenges the most difficult question: can we rationally excuse our hopes for wisdom and hope that it may one day be embodied in the work of institutions and the actions of individuals? (shrink)

This article explores interpersonal functions of emotional mimicry under the absence versus the presence of visual contact between the interacting partners. We review relevant literature and stress that previous studies on the role of emotional mimicry were focused on imitative responses to facial displays. We also show that the rules explaining why people mimic facial expressions may be inapplicable when visual signals are unavailable (e.g., people attending an online meeting have their cameras off). Overall, our review suggests that emotional mimicry (...) functionally adapts to whether the perceiver and the expresser can see each other. We, therefore, argue that blocking visual contact between them may provide insight into emotional mimicry's social functions, thereby clarifying its role in fostering affiliation and emotional understanding. (shrink)

Techniques of text data analysis have been known for many years and commonly used in many areas of life. Text mining enables, among others, the acquisition of information from the text, its filtering, and studying of similarities and relationships. The aim of this paper is to design a method that would make it possible to assess the health quality of dietary supplements, on the basis of text mining techniques. A fictional plant-based product was used in the study, which was compared (...) with other products containing at least one of the tested ingredients registered in the years 2007–2019 in the register of dietary supplements kept by the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate (GIS), which were given either the “consistent” or “to be clarified” status. The obtained results concern the frequency of occurrence of the individual ingredients (St John’s wort/Hypericum, melissa, rose root/Rhodiola) in other products, considering their status in the register. The data thus obtained was subjected to classical statistical analysis in order to find correlations between the presence of a given ingredient and the product status. In view of the obtained results, the text mining analysis may be considered as a helpful tool in the process of internal risk assessment performed by manufacturers of dietary supplements. (shrink)

In this essay I would like to outline the Christian perspective on solving economic issues based on documents of the Catholic Church. The term ‘economic personalism’ appeared in literature several years ago and has been used as a proposal of a new economic model which is supposed to be a synthesis of achievements of economic sciences and Christian moral theology. Pope John Paul II is believed to be one of its precursors or even founding-fathers. We shall sum up these significant (...) elements of papal personalism under the following heads: (1) A man is a person, namely an independent existence in material and personal, spiritual and material sense, rational and free. All these characteristics of a human being constitute a basis for his dignity and greatness; (2) A man is a free being. This means that he has to make choices between various values. Human freedom is closely related to the truth. The final objective of human freedom is love; (3) We can protect ourselves against alienation by acting and being together with others. We will avoid the danger of alienation when we make ourselves a gift for the other person and especially for God. Economic personalism develops John Paul II’s personalistic view in a creative way. Its program can be summarized by the following theses: (1) a man is the centre of economy; (2) a human being is the most important economic good; (3) work is part of the man’s calling; (4) reproducibility of goods is subordinated to the man’s integral development; (5) the right to participate constitutes inalienable human right; (6) the principle of subsidiary is an „intellectual” frame for social and economic order; (7) the market should not be absolutized; (8) solidarity with the poor and social justice constitute a basis of each economy. (shrink)

We focus on one aspect of Wright & Liley's target article: the linearity of the EEG. According to the authors, some nonlinear models of the cortex can be reduced (approximated) to the linear case at the millimetric scale. We argue here that the statement about the linear character of EEG is too strong and that EEG exhibits nonlinear features which cannot be ignored.

In the paper we introduce a wide range of Anderson-like variants of Gödel's theory and prove for each of them strong completeness theorem wrt. corresponding class of modal structures.These theories — all formulated in the 2nd order modal language with a 2nd order unary predicate of positiveness — differ among themselves with respect of: properties of the necessity operator and of the predicate of positiveness, axioms characterizing identity between 1st sort terms, definitions of identity between 2nd sort terms, the treatment (...) of Godlikeness as a term of the 2nd order, the treatment of necessary existence as a term of the 2nd order if there exists the necessity of its presence, the treatment of Ix (Ix(y) is read: terms x, y are identical), for every 1st sort term x, as a term of the 2nd order if there exists the necessity of its presence.Concerning to semantical commitments, the following are essential: (i) 1st order terms order receive only rigid extensions in the constant objectual 1st order domain; (ii) 2nd order terms receive non-rigid extensions in the constant objectual domain of 2nd order and rigid intensions in the constant conceptual 2nd order domain; (iii) The behavior of the identity between 1st sort terms shifts from possible worlds to possible worlds. (shrink)

This article argues that Christianity has the potential to strengthen people’s health when solving the forgiveness dilemma. However – paradoxically – the starting point for the analysis is the presumption that a hasty and imprudent decision to forgive may negatively impact the health of the decision-maker, and that Christianity may contribute to people making unconsidered decisions by prompting them to forgive. In the first part of the analysis, the concept of health and its biblical understanding are discussed. The second part (...) includes both a reflection on forgiveness-related dilemmas and the tension between the decision to forgive and the feeling of regret that may negatively influence health. In the third part, the Christian concept of forgiveness with reference to the aforementioned issues is discussed. (shrink)

The paper presents fragments of a Byzantine icon discovered in 2015 during regular archaeological excavations carried out in Chełm, eastern Poland. Iconographic analyses allow the nine surviving fragments to be interpreted as belonging to a diptych wing with the Great Feasts cycle. The icon represents archaic iconography of the subject, with the scene of Transfiguration placed after Entry into Jerusalem and before the Crucifixion. The artefact was created in the second half or at the close of the 12th century, and (...) it was made from steatite, which has been confirmed by petrographic analyses. The icon was discovered in the remains of a palace complex of King Daniel Romanovich, the greatest ruler of the Galicia-Volhynia Lands. The results of the archaeological research allow the terminus ante quem for the icon’s arrival in Chełm to be determined as before the middle of the 13th century. Various possible explanations as to how the icon found its way to Chełm are also explored in the paper. (shrink)

The authors present the conceptual and system-theoretical model of human motor behaviour. The main assumption is that movement is the only observable manifestation of all psychical processes, thus, it is the only phenomenon enabling the creation of hypotheses concerning the psychological conditioning of human behaviour. They pointed to the fact that in the field of biology, and all the more, in psychology, mathematical descriptions are hardly eligible. In this respect, a system-theoretical approach seems to be appropriate. The authors present two (...) systems: information processing modalities in the human mind, based on Nikolai Bernstein’s theory, and the series of processes from stimuli reception to motor response execution. Both these sub-systems make up a super-system. Its simplified graphical representation may be termed “Column Diagram.” The authors analyse the functioning of this super-system in various intellectual-motor purposeful operations. The system-theoretical perspective enables clear categorisation of various human motor operations, their “driving” mechanisms, internal patterns, and their superficial physical and/or mathematical “appearance.” The stream of consciousness in a human motor operation joins the various psychological constructs, which are reception, perception, attention, motivation, intellect, memory, etc., into one coherent, inseparable system. (shrink)

L’ouvrage de Claire Wrobel s’appuie sur une citation de Michel Foucault qui sert d’épigraphe à l’introduction, selon laquelle « les espaces imaginaires » que sont « les paysages d’Ann Radcliffe […] sont comme la ‘contre-figure’ des transparences et des visibilités qu’on essaie d’établir ». Le « on » de cette citation est celui de Jeremy Bentham, que Claire Wrobel propose ici, suivant l’hypothèse foucaldienne, de lire conjointement avec l’œuvre de Radcliffe, parue pour l’essentiel dans les années 1790, afin d’explorer le (...) rapport que le Panoptique entretient avec le roman gothique (p. 14). Les bornes chronologiques de ce livre, 1764 et 1842, correspondent d’une part à la publication de ce qui est considéré comme le premier roman gothique, _The Castle of Otranto_ (Horace Walpole, 1764), et d’autre part à l’ouverture du pénitencier de Pentonville, inspiré des travaux de Bentham et inauguré 10 ans après sa mort. Le propos est mené avec rigueur, précision et conviction tout au long des 492... (shrink)

Das Buch über J. Mirewicz wurde von Slawomir Szczyrba, einem Lehrbeauftragten des Priesterseminars in Łódź, als Doktorarbeit unter der Leitung von Professor Bischof B. Bejze verfaßt. Szczyrba rechnet seine Arbeit der religionsphilosophischen Werken zu. Er will die These nachweisen, daß die Stellung des Menschen gegenüber Gott einen bedeutenden Einfluß auf sein Wertsystem und, in weiterer Folge, auf sein moralisches Benehmen hat. Derselben Meinung war auch Mirewicz. In Hinsicht auf die ethische Implikationen der Bejahung Gottes gehört das Hauptthema der vielartigen Tätigkeiten (...) Mirewicz's zu der immerwährend aktuellen und offenstehenden Frage nach der Selbständigkeit der Ethik. (shrink)

Acteur majeur de la philosophie morale anglo-saxonne du second vingtième siècle, Richard Mervyn Hare n’avait encore jamais été traduit en français. C’est désormais chose faite grâce au travail de Malik Bozzo-Rey, Jean-Pierre Cléro et Claire Wrobel. Leur choix s’est judicieusement porté sur Moral Thinking : Its Levels, Method, and Point, ouvrage paru en 1981 et qui constitue sans doute la meilleure porte d’entrée à l’ambitieuse philosophie morale de Hare. Il s’agit en effet du pre...

The artist's house is a prism through which to view not only the artistic practice of its inhabitant, but also to apprehend broader developments in sculpture and contemporary art in relation to domestic architecture and interior space. Based on a series of interviews and site visits with living artists about the role of their home in relation to their work, Kirsty Bell looks at the house as receptacle, vehicle, model, theater, or dream space. In-depth analyses of these contemporary examples—including Jorge (...) Pardo, Mirosław Bałka, Danh Vo, Gregor Schneider, Frances Stark, Marc Camille Chaimowicz, Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster, Paweł Althamer, Mark Leckey, Monika Sosnowska, Gabriel Orozco, Rirkrit Tiravanija, and Andrea Zittel—are contextualized by key artists of the twentieth century such as Kurt Schwitters, Alice Neel, Edward Krasiński, Carlo Mollino, and Louise Bourgeois. A two-way flow from the domestic arena to the exhibition space becomes apparent, in which the everyday has a significant role to play in the merging of such developments as installation art, relational aesthetics, expanded collage, and performance art. (shrink)

_Le langage de la morale_ est la traduction d’un livre écrit en 1952 sous le titre _The Language of Morals_ ; sous ce titre en anglais, il précède d’une trentaine d’années _Moral Thinking_ (1981), tandis que sous le titre français et traduit par Jean-Baptiste Le Bohec et Frédéric Naudin, il suit de deux ans _Penser en morale_, traduit récemment pour les éditions Hermann (en 2021) par Claire Wrobel, Malik Bozzo-Rey et moi-même (qui l’ai aussi préfacé). Hare est au début de (...) sa carrière quand il rédige _Le langage de la morale_ et il semble que, s’il n’est ni kantien, ni anti-kantien, il procède néanmoins par un réexamen de nombreuses catégories sans lesquelles il ne saurait être question de faire de l’éthique : le devoir, les impératifs, la distinction du prescriptif et du descriptif, de la description et de l’évaluation, le « bon », le « juste » et quelques autres encore, qui constituent le vocabulaire fondamental de l’éthique. De plus, Hare nous apprend à être attentifs à la grammaire, aux pe... (shrink)

E. J. Lowe and Ontology, edited by Mirosław Szatkowski, is the outcome of the international conference Jonathan Lowe and Ontology, which took place in Warsaw on 21–23 May 2019. The book consists of fifteen essays by philosophers of international renown; it concerns, among others, meta-ontology, theory of categories, persistence in time, agency, and mental causation. In addition to summarizing the book’s contribution to contemporary formal ontology, this review includes a critical discussion of selected chapters on meta-metaphysics, as well as (...) general and special metaphysics. (shrink)

Background: In 2014, companies began covering the costs of egg freezing for their employees. The adoption of this benefit was highly contentious. Some argued that it offered women more reproductive...